Which of the following is an example of hardwood?

Ash is classified as a hardwood, which is determined by the botanical characteristics of the wood itself rather than just its physical properties. Hardwoods come from deciduous trees, which lose their leaves seasonally, and are typically denser and more durable than softwoods. Ash wood is known for its strength, elasticity, and is commonly used in furniture making, sports equipment, and flooring.

In contrast, the other options are examples of softwoods, which come from coniferous trees that usually remain green year-round. Pine and spruce are widely used for construction and paper products, while cedar is valued for its aromatic properties and resistance to decay. However, none of these options possess the characteristics associated with hardwoods, which is why ash is the appropriate answer in this context.