Which device is responsible for running the robot and coordinating all control signals?

The microcontroller, also known as the Cortex in this context, serves as the brain of the robot. It is responsible for processing input signals from sensors, executing the control algorithms, and coordinating the actions of actuators. By receiving data from various sensors, the microcontroller interprets the robot's environment and makes decisions accordingly. Then, it sends control signals to the actuators to perform necessary actions, such as moving or turning.

The microcontroller's ability to execute complex algorithms and make real-time decisions is essential for a robot's functionality, making it integral to the overall operation and coordination of the robot's systems. Without it, the robot would lack the capability to interpret sensor data and execute commands, rendering it unable to perform tasks effectively.

In contrast, a sensor module primarily gathers information from the robot's environment but does not process or execute actions. Actuators carry out the physical movements dictated by the microcontroller's signals but lack decision-making capabilities. The power supply provides the necessary energy for all components to function but does not have any role in processing or decision-making.