What does material hardness refer to in the context of metals?

Material hardness in the context of metals specifically refers to the resistance to plastic deformation. This means that harder materials are less likely to deform permanently when subjected to an external force. In mechanical applications, this property is crucial because it ensures that metals retain their shape and integrity under stress, such as when used in structures, components, or tools.

The hardness of a metal is measured using various scales, such as the Mohs scale or the Brinell hardness test. These measurements provide insights into how the metal will perform in different applications, particularly in terms of wear resistance and the ability to maintain sharp edges or fine tolerances.

Other properties mentioned, such as resistance to high temperatures, conductivity, and corrosion resistance, play important roles in the overall performance of materials but are distinct from the definition of hardness. Each of these characteristics addresses different concerns in material selection and application in engineering, but they do not directly pertain to the concept of hardness itself.