What does manipulation refer to in robotics?

Manipulation in robotics specifically refers to the ability of a robot to physically interact with objects in its environment. This can include tasks such as grasping, holding, moving, and otherwise manipulating objects through physical means. Effective manipulation allows robots to perform complex operations, such as assembling components, picking items from a shelf, or sorting objects, all of which require precise and controlled movements.

The focus on physical interaction distinguishes manipulation from other functions that may involve programming tasks, decision-making algorithms, or sensory input. For instance, while programming tasks involves creating instructions for what the robot should do, and algorithmic decision-making pertains to how the robot makes choices, these do not necessarily involve the direct handling of objects. Similarly, the use of sensors for guidance is important for navigation and awareness of the environment, but it does not equate to the physical handling and adjustment of these objects. Thus, the essence of manipulation is rooted in the tangible interaction and dexterity of the robotic system with physical entities.